Maud de Clare

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• Reference Number: 7981

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Maud de Clare
Baroness de Welles
Baroness de Clifford[1]
Born 1276[2]
Tewkesbury, Tewkesbury Hundred, Gloucestershire, England
Died 4 May 1327
Badlesmere, Faversham Hundred, Lathe of Scray, Kent, England
Family de Clare
Spouse Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford[1]
Robert de Welles, 2nd Baron Welles[2]
Issue
Roger de Clifford, 2nd Baron de Clifford[1][2]
Robert de Clifford, 3rd Baron de Clifford[1][2]
Idonia de Clifford, Baroness de Percy[1][2]
Father Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond[1][2][3]
Mother Juliana FitzGerald of Offaly[1][2][3]
Occupation Baroness de Welles
Maud de Clare, Baroness de Welles was the eldest daughter of Thomas de Clare, Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal, Lord of Thomond, Lord of Bunratty Castle (1245-1287) and Juliana FitzGerald (1236-1290).[1][4] She married two times. Her first marriage was to Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, 1st Lord of Skipton (1274-1314) on 3 November 1295 by which she had four children.[1][3][4] Her second marriage was to Sir Robert de Welles, 2nd Baron Welles, Constable of Pendragon Castle (1297-1326) on 16 Nov 1315. They had no children.[4] She was born in 1276 in Tewkesbury, Tewkesbury Hundred, Gloucestershire, England and moved to Badlesmere to be near her sister, Margaret de Clare, Baroness Badlesmere. She died in Badlesmere in 1327 twice a widow.[4]

Life
Maud de Clare had an unfortunate life full of drama and controversy. In 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn both her husband Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford and her nephew Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester, 7th Earl of Hertford, 10th Lord of Clare, 5th Lord of Glamorgan (1291-1314) were both killed in battle.[3][4] Her second marriage to Robert de Welles, 2nd Baron Welles was done without royal licence and this angered the King of England. She was initially the co-heiress to her nephew's estates along with her sister, Margaret de Clare, Baroness Badlesmere, before the King issued the estates to Lord de Clare's three sisters. Some say this is due to the fact that she married Lord de Welles without royal licence.[4] Maud de Clare and her Sister Margaret were the next heirs of their father's estate which included the Stewardship of the Forest of Essex, the town and castle at Thomond and numerous other properties in Ireland.[4]

Birth:
Clare-284

Family/Spouse: 1st Baron Clifford Robert Clifford. Robert was born on 1 Apr 1274; died on 24 Jun 1314. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Idoine Clifford was born about 1300; died on 24 Aug 1365.

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• Reference Number: 7982

Notes:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1st Lord of Thomond
CoA Gilbert de Clare.svg
Arms of the de Clare Family
Hereditary
Lord of Thomond 1276-1287
Predecessor New Creation
Successor Gilbert de Clare, 2nd Lord of Thomond
DetailTitles and styles
1st Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal
Born 1245
Tonbridge Castle, Tonbridge, Kent, England
Died 29 August 1287
Thomond, Ireland
Family de Clare
Spouse(s) Juliana FitzGerald
Issue
Maud de Clare, Baroness de Welles
Gilbert de Clare, 2nd Lord of Thomond
Richard de Clare, Steward of Forest of Essex
Margaret de Clare, Baroness Badlesmere
Father Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester
Mother Maud de Lacy
Occupation Peerage of England
Thomas de Clare, 1st Lord of Thomond, 1st Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal (1244×1247[1] - 29 August 1287) was a Hiberno-Norman peer and soldier. He was the second son of Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester and his wife Maud de Lacy, Countess of Gloucester. In 1272 he served a term as Lieutenant of the Duchy of Aquitaine.[1] On 26 January 1276 he was granted the Lordship of Thomond by Edward I of England; he spent the next eight years attempting to conquer it from the O'Brien dynasty, kings of Thomond.

Career
Thomas was born in about 1245 in Tonbridge, Kent, England, the second eldest son of Richard de Clare and Maud de Lacy.[2] He and his brother Bogo received gifts from King Henry III when they were studying at Oxford from 1257-59.[3] Thomas was a close friend and intimate advisor of Prince Edward of England, who would in 1272 accede to the throne as King Edward I. Together they took part in the Ninth Crusade. He held many important posts such as Governor of Colchester Castle (1266) and Governor of The City of London (1273). He was made Commander of the English forces in Munster, Ireland and created Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal. On 26 January 1276, he was granted the entire lordship of Thomond by King Edward.

That same year, he jointly commanded a Norman army along with Sir Geoffrey de Geneville, Justiciar of Ireland against the Irish clans of County Wicklow. They were joined by a contingent of men from Connacht led by his father-in-law Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly. Thomas and Justiciar de Geneville's forces attacked the Irish at Glenmalure, but they were soundly defeated and suffered severe losses.[4]

Civil War in Thomond
Civil war raged in Thomond between the rival factions of the O'Brien dynasty. In 1276, Brian Ruad, the deposed King of Thomond appealed to Thomas for support to help him regain his kingdom from his great-nephew Toirrdelbach MacTaidg O' Brien, who had usurped the throne. In return for his aid, Brian Ruad promised that Thomas would be allowed to colonise all the land between Athsollus in Quin and Limerick.[5] Together, Thomas and Brian Ruad expelled Toirrdelbach MacTaidg O'Brien and recaptured Clonroad which the latter had taken from Brian Ruad. O'Brien escaped to Galway where he elicited the help of his cousin William de Burgh, and in 1277 together with the assistance from clans, MacNamara and O'Dea they defeated the combined forces of Thomas and Brian Ruad. The latter fled to Bunratty Castle, but Thomas had his former ally hanged and drawn for treason.[6] The civil war continued for the next seven years, with Thomas supporting Brian Ruad's son Donnchad against Toirrdelbach; however, following the drowning death of Donnchad in 1284, Toirrdelbach emerged the victor. Thereafter until his death in 1306, Toirrdelbach MacTaidg O'Brien ruled as undisputed King of Thomond and Thomas had no choice but to accommodate him. O'Brien rented part of Bunratty Manor at £121 per annum.[6] In 1280, Thomas embarked on a castle-building project at Quin, but was disrupted in his efforts by the O'Briens and MacNamaras. Thomas also reconstructed Bunratty Castle in stone, replacing the earlier wooden building.

Marriage and children
In February 1275, he married Juliana FitzGerald, the 12-year-old daughter of Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly and Maud de Prendergast.[7] During their marriage, Thomas and Juliana lived in Ireland and in England. For instance, on 5 May 1284 the King notified his bailiffs and lieges in Ireland of the attorneys who were to act in Ireland on behalf of the couple as they were then in England. This arrangement was to continue for three years, except when Thomas and Juliana went to Ireland.[8]

Thomas and Juliana had four children:

Maud de Clare (1276-1327), married firstly, Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, by whom she had issue; and secondly Robert de Welles, 2nd Baron Welles.
Gilbert de Clare, Lord of Thomond, (3 February 1281 - 1308)
Richard de Clare, Steward of Forest of Essex, 1st Lord Clare, Lord of Thomond (after 1281 - 10 May 1318), married a woman by the name of Joan, by whom he had one son, Thomas. He was killed at the Battle of Dysert O'Dea.
Margaret de Clare (c. 1 April 1287 - 22 October 1333/3 January 1334), married firstly, Gilbert de Umfraville; and secondly Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere, by whom she had issue.
Death
When evidence was taken in 1302 to prove the age of his son Gilbert, it was established that Thomas had died on 29 August 1287.[9] A mid-18th century compilation known as the Dublin Annals of Inisfallen states that Thomas was killed in battle against Turlough son of Teige and others. However, none of the earlier records of his death indicate that Thomas met a violent end. Some of the witnesses to Gilbert's age in 1302 referred to the date of Thomas' death in their calculations but all were silent as to its circumstances. This and much other evidence on the subject has been set out and evaluated by Goddard Henry Orpen of Trinity College, Dublin.[10] Thomas was succeeded as Lord of Thomond by his eldest son, Gilbert who was six years old. His widow Juliana, aged 24 years, would go on to marry two more times.

Birth:
Clare-639

Thomas married Juliana FitzMaurice. Juliana (daughter of Maurice FitzMaurice and Emmeline Longespee) was born in 1263; died on 24 Sep 1300. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• Reference Number: 7983

Notes:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Juliana FitzMaurice
Lady of Inchiquin and Youghal
Lady of Thomond
Born c. 1263
Dublin, Ireland
Died 24 September 1300 (aged about 37)
Noble family FitzGerald
Spouse(s) Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond, Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal
Nicholas Avenel
Adam de Cretynges
Issue
Maud de Clare
Gilbert de Clare, Lord of Thomond
Richard de Clare, Steward of Forest of Essex
Margaret de Clare, Baroness Badlesmere
Father Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly, Justiciar of Ireland
Mother Maud de Prendergast
Juliana FitzMaurice, Lady of Thomond (12 April 1266 - 29 September 1300) was a Norman-Irish noblewoman, the daughter of Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly, and the wife of Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond, a powerful Anglo-Norman baron in Ireland, who was a younger brother of Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford. Juliana was married three times; Thomas being her first. She is sometimes referred to as Juliane FitzMaurice.

Early life and family
Juliana FitzMaurice was born on 12 April 1266 in Dublin, Ireland, the eldest daughter of Maurice FitzGerald II, 3rd Lord of Offaly, Justiciar of Ireland and Maud de Prendergast. She had a sister Amabel who married but was childless. Her first cousin was John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare. Her paternal grandparents were Maurice FitzGerald I, 2nd Lord of Offaly and Juliana, and her maternal grandparents were Sir Gerald de Prendergast of Beauvoir and the unnamed daughter of Richard Mor de Burgh, Lord of Connacht and Egidia de Lacy. Juliana's maternal ancestors included Brian Boru, Dermot McMurrough, and Maud de Braose.

Juliana's father, Maurice FitzGerald, was married twice, first to Maud de Prendergast and secondly to Emmeline Longespee. It has been some source of contention as to which of his two wives had issue Juliana. However, at her death, Emmeline Longespee did not mention Juliana as her daughter and heir; rather, Emmeline's heir was her niece, Maud la Zouche, wife of Robert la Zouche, 1st Lord Holland. It has been concluded by several reputable researchers that Juliana's mother was Maurice FitzGerald's first wife, Maud de Prendergast. Supporters for Emmeline Longespee being the mother have yet to produce any counter-evidence beyond hearsay.

Marriages and issue
In 1278, at the age of 12, Juliana married her first husband, Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond, Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal. He was the second eldest son of Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and Maud de Lacy. Thomas was a friend of King Edward I of England, with whom he went on a Crusade. He held many important posts including the Office of Governor of Colchester Castle (1266), Governor of the City of London (1273). He was also the commander of the English forces in Munster, Ireland, and on 26 January 1276, he was granted the lordship of Thomond. He was born in 1245, which made him about eighteen years older than Juliana. Throughout their marriage, the couple lived in both Ireland and England. It is recorded that on 5 May 1284, King Edward notified his lieges and bailiffs in Ireland of the attorneys who were to act on behalf of Thomas and Juliana as they were in England at the time. This arrangement continued for another three years except while they were residing in Ireland.[1]

Thomas and Juliana had four children:[2]

Maud de Clare (c. 1276-1326/27), married firstly on 3 November 1295 Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, by whom she had issue; she married secondly after 1314 Robert de Welle.
Gilbert de Clare, Lord of Thomond (3 February 1281-1308)
Richard de Clare, Steward of Forest of Essex, 1st Lord Clare, Lord of Thomond (after 1281 - 10 May 1318 at the Battle of Dysert O'Dea), married a woman by the name of Joan by whom he fathered one son, Thomas.
Margaret de Clare (c. 1 April 1287 - 22 October 1333), married firstly in 1303 Gilbert de Umfraville; she married secondly before 30 June 1308 Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere, by whom she had four daughters and one son.
The era was marked by unrest and strife as civil war was waged between rival factions of the powerful O'Brien clan. In 1277, Juliana's husband had his former ally Brian Ruad, the deposed King of Thomond, hanged for treason at Bunratty.[3]

Thomas died on 29 August 1287, leaving Juliana a widow at the age of twenty-four with four small children; the youngest, Margaret was not quite five months old. On an unknown date she married her second husband, Nicholas Avenel. He presumably died before 11 December 1291/16 February 1292, as this is when she married her third husband, Adam de Cretynges.[4][5]

Death and legacy
Juliana died on 24 September 1300. Her numerous descendants included Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland who married Lady Joan Beaufort and thus their descendant, the English king Edward IV. By Edward IV's daughter, Elizabeth of York, consort of Henry VII, she was an ancestress to all subsequent monarchs of England and the current British Royal Family. Henry VIII's queens consort Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr also descended from her.

Birth:
FitzMaurice-95

Other Events:

• Reference Number: 7984

Notes:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Maurice FitzMaurice FitzGerald
Justiciar of Ireland
Born 1238
Wexford, Ireland
Died Before 10 November 1286
Ross, County Wexford, Ireland
Spouse(s) Maud de Prendergast
Emmeline Longespee
Issue
by Maud de Prendergast
Amabel FitzGerald
by Emmeline Longespee
Juliana FitzGerald, Lady of Thomond
Father Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly
Mother Juliana de Grenville
Maurice FitzMaurice FitzGerald (1238 - 2 September 1277) was an Irish magnate born in Ireland; a soldier, and Justiciar of Ireland from 1272 to 1273. His family would come to epitomize the ideal of cultural synthesis in Ireland, becoming More Irish than the Irish themselves, fusing Gaelic and Norman customs in Irish identity. "But others say that he never enjoyed that lordship himself, but passed it the son and grandson of his eldest brother Gerald."[1]

Career
He was born in 1238 in Wexford, Ireland, the second son of Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly and Juliana de Grenville. He had three brothers, Gerald fitz Maurice II (died 1243), Thomas fitz Maurice (died 1271), and David fitz Maurice (died without issue). Maurice was known by the nickname of Maurice Mael (from an old word meaning "devotee" in Irish). He was granted his father's lands in Connacht in exchange for quitclaiming the barony of Offaly sometime before 20 May 1257,[2] when his father Maurice FitzGerald II died at Youghal Monastery.

Before his father died, Maurice was custos of Offaly, but after the 2nd Lord of Offaly died, the countess of Lincoln, Margaret de Quincy, sued him for custody of Offaly.[3]

Terrible feuds raged in his time between the Geraldines and the DeBurghs.[4] Maurice FitzMaurice and his nephew John, son of his brother Thomas,[5] captured the justiciar, Richard de la Rochelle, Theobald Butler IV, and John de Cogan I (whose son was married to Maurice FitzGerald III's sister, Juliana). The capture of the three magnates led to a private war in Ireland, with the Geraldines on one side and Walter de Burgh and Geoffrey de Geneville on the other. However, the Second Barons' War in England forced them to come to a temporary peace while they battled Montfortians in the English Midlands in 1266.[6]

In May 1265, Maurice FitzMaurice was among the chief magnates in Ireland summoned to inform King Henry III of England and his son Prince Edward about conditions in the country, and again in June 1265. These were the result of the private war between the Geraldines and Walter de Burgh, lord of Connacht (who was later made the 1st earl of Ulster). Maurice was appointed Justiciar of Ireland on 23 June 1272[4] following the accidental death of his predecessor, James de Audley on 11 June of that year; his father had served in the same capacity from 1232 to 1245. Maurice himself held the post until September 1273, when he was succeeded by Sir Geoffrey de Geneville, Seigneur de Vaucouleurs.

He held four knight's fees in both Lea and Geashill from Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer who had inherited them from his wife, Maud de Braose.[7]

In 1276, he led a force of men from Connacht against the Irish of County Wicklow. Maurice's contingent joined the main army of English settlers jointly commanded by his son-in-law, Thomas de Clare, Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal who had been made Lord of Thomond earlier that same year, and Sir Geoffrey de Geneville, Maurice's successor as Justiciar of Ireland. The English under Thomas de Clare and Geoffrey de Geneville attacked the Irish at Glenmalure, but were defeated and suffered heavy losses.[8]

Marriages and issue
Sometime between May 1258 and 28 October 1259, he married his first wife, Maud de Prendergast, daughter of Sir Gerald de Prendergast of Beauvoir and an unnamed daughter of Richard Mor de Burgh. Together he and Maud had one daughter:[9]

Amabel FitzGerald, married but died childless.
Maurice was Maud's third husband. She died on an unknown date. In 1273, Maurice married his second wife, Emmeline Longespee (1252-1291), daughter of Stephen Longespée and Emmeline de Ridelsford. He and Emeline had one daughter.[10]

Juliana FitzGerald (d. 24 September 1300), married firstly, Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond, by whom she had four children; she married secondly Nicholas Avenel, and thirdly, Adam de Cretynges.
Maurice died 2 September 1277, at Ross, County Wexford. Emmeline Longespee then fought until her death to claim her dower against her daughter, Juliana, her step-daughter, Amabilia, and John FitzGerald, who would be created 1st Earl of Kildare on 14 May 1316. John was the son of his brother Thomas by Rohesia de St. Michael. John sued or physically took lands from the bailiffs of Emmeline, Juliana, and Amabilia.[11]

There is some confusion as to whether Gerald Fitzmaurice FitzGerald was the first or second son of Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly. Most, like M. Hickson, of the RSAI say he was the eldest. Lord Walter FitzGerald says he was the second. In any event, he predeceased his father in 1243. His son, Maurice FitzGerald,[12]drowned in the Irish Channel in July 1268. His son was Gerald FitzMaurice III (born in 1263). Gerald's marriage was sold to Geoffrey de Geneville, who matched Gerald with his own daughter, Joan, but he died childless on 29 August 1287.[citation needed]

Maurice Fitzmaurice FitzGerald 3rd Earl of Offaly was succeeded by nephew John, son of his younger brother Thomas Fitzmaurice FitzGerald.

Birth:
FitzMaurice-96

Maurice married Emmeline Longespee. Emmeline (daughter of Stephen Longespee and Emeline de Riddlesford) was born in 1252; died in 1291. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Reference Number: 7985

Notes:

Birth:
Longespée-76

Other Events:

• Reference Number: 7995

Notes:

Stephen Longespée (c. 1216 - 1260) was an English knight who served as Seneschal of Gascony and as Justiciar of Ireland.

Longespée was a son of William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and Ela of Salisbury. He was a cousin of the King Henry III of England. His wife Emmeline was an heiress of her grandfather Walter de Ridelisford, and brought possessions in Connacht and Leinster in Ireland.[2] In 1255, Longespée was appointed the Seneschal of Gascony, where his administration was hampered with disputes with Lord Edward.[3] After Lord Edward returned to England in 1255, Longespée remained until 1257 as Seneschal, before returning to England. When Lord Edward reluctantly recognized the Provisions of Oxford in 1258, Longespée was one of the four counsellors given to accept the reform program. In 1259, Longespée was appointed Justiciar of Ireland.[4] He died in 1260.[5]

Marriage and issue
Stephen married Emmeline, the widow of Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster, the daughter of Walter de Ridelsford and Annora Vitré. They had the following known issue:

Emeline Longespée (died 1291), married Maurice FitzGerald, had issue.
Ela Longespée (died 1276), married Roger la Zouche, had issue.

Birth:
Longespée-77

Stephen married Emeline de Riddlesford. Emeline was born about 1223; died before 20 Jul 1276. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Reference Number: 7986

Notes:

Birth:
Riddlesford-1