Eleanor De Bohun

Other Events:

• Reference Number: 8057

Notes:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eleanor de Bohun
Countess of Ormond
Born 17 October 1304
Knaresborough Castle, Knaresborough, North Yorkshire, England
Died 17 October 1363 (aged 59 years)
Aldgate, Middlesex, England
Burial Chapel of Saint Edmunds, Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England
Spouse James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormond

Issue John Butler
Petronilla Butler
James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond
Eleanor de Dagworth

Father Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford
Mother Elizabeth of Rhuddlan

Eleanor de Bohun, Countess of Ormond (17 October 1304 - 7 October 1363) was an English noblewoman born in Knaresborough Castle to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, and Elizabeth, daughter of King Edward I of England and Eleanor of Castile. After the deaths of her parents, she was placed in the care of her aunt Mary Plantagenet and brought up at Amesbury Priory alongside various cousins including Joan Gaveston, Isabel of Lancaster and Joan de Monthermer. Edward II of England gave the priory a generous allowance of 100 marks annually for the upkeep of Eleanor and her younger cousin, Joan Gaveston.[1]

Eleanor was married twice; first in 1327 to James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormond, (son of Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick and Lady Joan FitzGerald) who died in 1337 and secondly, six years later in 1343, to Thomas de Dagworth, Lord Dagworth who was killed in an ambush in Brittany in 1352.

By her first marriage, Eleanor was an ancestress of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Parr,[2] Queens consort of King Henry VIII of England. Other descendants include the Dukes of Beaufort, Newcastle, Norfolk, Earls of Ormond, Desmond, Shrewsbury, Dorset, Rochester, Sandwich, Arundel, and Stafford.[1]

Children
By James Butler:

John Butler (born 6 November 1330, died young)
Petronilla (or Perina) Butler, Baroness Talbot (died 1387) who married Gilbert Talbot, 3rd Baron Talbot and had a daughter, Elizabeth Talbot, who married Sir Henry de Grey of Wilton, 5th Baron Grey de Wilton.[3]
James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond (4 October 1331 - 18 October 1382) who married Elizabeth Darcy
By Thomas de Dagworth:

Eleanor de Dagworth who married at Vachery (in Cranley), Surrey by licence dated 23 June 1362 Walter Fitz Walter, Knt, 3rd Lord Fitz Walter (1345-1386). Eleanor was living 29 Nov 1375. At her death, she was buried in Dunmow Priory.[4]

Birth:
Bohun-40

Family/Spouse: Jamesle Boteler. Jamesle (son of Edmund le Boteler and Joan Fitz John) was born in 1305; died in 1338. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Jamesle Boteler was born on 4 Oct 1331; died on 18 Oct 1382.

Other Events:

• Reference Number: 8068

Notes:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bohun-3

From Wikipedia:
Humphrey (VII) de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford (1276 - 16 March 1322) was a member of a powerful Anglo-Norman family of the Welsh Marches and was one of the Ordainers who opposed Edward II's excesses.

Humphrey (VII) de Bohun succeeded his father in 1298 as Earl of Hereford and Earl of Essex, and Constable of England (later called Lord High Constable). Humphrey held the title of Bearer of the Swan Badge, a heraldic device passed down in the Bohun family. This device did not appear on their coat of arms, (az, a bend ar cotised or, between 6 lioncels or) nor their crest (gu, doubled erm, a lion gardant crowned), but it does appear on Humphrey's personal seal (illustration).

Humphrey was one of several earls and barons under Edward I who laid siege to Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland in 1300 and later took part in many campaigns in Scotland. He also loved tourneying and gained a reputation as an "elegant" fop. In one of the campaigns in Scotland Humphrey evidently grew bored and departed for England to take part in a tournament along with Piers Gaveston and other young barons and knights. On return all of them fell under Edward I's wrath for desertion, but were forgiven. It is probable that Gaveston's friend, the future Edward II, had given them permission to depart. Later Humphrey became one of Gaveston's and Edward II's bitterest opponents.

He would also have been associating with young Robert Bruce during the early campaigns in Scotland, since Bruce, like many other Scots and Border men, moved back and forth from English allegiance to Scottish. Robert Bruce is closely connected to the Bohuns. Between the time that he swore his last fealty to Edward I in 1302 and his defection four years later, Bruce stayed for the most part in Annandale, rebuilding his castle of Lochmaben in stone, making use of its natural moat. Rebelling and taking the crown of Scotland in February 1306, Bruce was forced to fight a war against England which went poorly for him at first, while Edward I still lived. After nearly all his family were killed or captured he went into hiding. His properties in England and Scotland were confiscated.

Humphrey de Bohun received many of Robert Bruce's forfeited properties. It is unknown whether Humphrey was a long-time friend or enemy of Robert Bruce, but they were nearly the same age and the lands of the two families in Essex and Middlesex lay very close to each other. After Bruce's defeats, Humphrey took Lochmaben, and Edward I awarded him Annandale and the castle. During this period of chaos, when Bruce's queen, Elizabeth de Burgh, daughter of the Earl of Ulster, was captured by Edward I and taken prisoner, Hereford and his wife Elizabeth became her custodians. She was exchanged for Humphrey after Bannockburn in 1314. Lochmaben was retaken by the Scots in 1312 and remained in Scottish hands until 1333 when it was once more seized by the English. It remained in the hands of Humphrey's son William, Earl of Northampton, who held and defended it until his death in 1360. Scots retook Lochmaben in 1385. Some Bohuns remained in Scotland, where they became known as the Bounds.

At the Battle of Bannockburn (23-24 June 1314), Humphrey de Bohun should have been given command of the army because that was his responsibility as Constable of England. However, since the execution of Piers Gaveston in 1312 Humphrey had been out of favour with Edward II, who gave the Constableship for the 1314 campaign to the youthful and inexperienced Earl of Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare. Nevertheless, on the first day, de Bohun insisted on being one of the first to lead the cavalry charge. In the melee and cavalry rout between the Bannock Burn and the Scots' camp he was not injured although his rash young cousin Henry de Bohun, who could have been no older than about 22, charged alone at Robert Bruce and was killed by Bruce's axe.

On the second day, Gloucester was killed at the start of the battle. Hereford fought throughout the day, leading a large company of Welsh and English knights and archers. The archers who might have had success at breaking up the Scots schiltrons were attacked and overrun by the Scots cavalry. When the battle was lost Bohun retreated with the Earl of Angus and several other barons, knights and men to Bothwell Castle, seeking a safe haven. However, all the refugees who entered the castle were taken prisoner by its formerly pro-English governor Walter fitz Gilbert who, like many Lowland knights, declared for Bruce as soon as word came of the Scottish King's victory. Humphrey de Bohun was ransomed by Edward II, his brother-in-law, on the pleading of his wife Isabella. This was one of the most interesting ransoms in English history. The Earl was traded for Bruce's queen, Elizabeth de Burgh and daughter, Marjorie Bruce, two bishops amongst other important Scots captives in England. Isabella MacDuff, Countess of Buchan, who had crowned Robert Bruce in 1306 and for years had been locked in a cage outside Berwick, was not included; presumably, she had died in captivity.[1]

Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, this Humphrey de Bohun was careful to insist that the king obey Magna Carta and other baronially established safeguards against monarchic tyranny. He was a leader of the reform movements that promulgated the Ordinances of 1311 and fought to insure their execution.

The subsequent revival of royal authority and the growing ascendancy of the Despensers (Hugh the elder and younger) led de Bohun and other barons to rebel against the king again in 1322. De Bohun had special reason for opposing the Despensers, for he had lost some of his estates in the Welsh Marches to their rapacity and he felt they had besmirched his honour. In 1316 De Bohun had been ordered to lead the suppression of the revolt of Llywelyn Bren in Glamorgan which he did successfully. When Llewelyn surrendered to him the Earl promised to intercede for him and fought to have him pardoned. Instead Hugh the younger Despenser had Llewelyn executed without a proper trial. Hereford and the other marcher lords used Llywelyn Bren's death as a symbol of Despenser tyranny.

The rebel forces were halted by loyalist troops at the wooden bridge at Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, where Humphrey de Bohun, leading an attempt to storm the bridge, met his death on 16 March 1322.

Although the details have been called into question by a few historians, his death may have been particularly gory. As recounted by Ian Mortimer:[2]

"[The 4th Earl of] Hereford led the fight on the bridge, but he and his men were caught in the arrow fire. Then one of de Harclay's pikemen, concealed beneath the bridge, thrust upwards between the planks and skewered the Earl of Hereford through the anus, twisting the head of the iron pike into his intestines. His dying screams turned the advance into a panic."'
Humphrey de Bohun may have contributed to the failure of the reformers' aims. There is evidence that he suffered for some years, especially after his countess's death in 1316, from clinical depression.[3]

His marriage to Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (Elizabeth Plantagenet), daughter of King Edward I of England and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile, on 14 November 1302, at Westminster gained him the lands of Berkshire.

Elizabeth had an unknown number of children, probably ten, by Humphrey de Bohun.

Until the earl's death the boys of the family, and possibly the girls, were given a classical education under the tutelage of a Sicilian Greek, Master "Digines" (Diogenes), who may have been Humphrey de Bohun's boyhood tutor.[citation needed] He was evidently well-educated, a book collector and scholar, interests his son Humphrey and daughter Margaret (Courtenay) inherited.

Margaret de Bohun (born 1302 - died 7 Feb. 1304).[4]
Humphrey de Bohun (born c. Oct. 1303 - died c. Oct. 1304).[5]
Eleanor de Bohun (17 October 1304 - 1363),[6] married James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde and Thomas Dagworth, 1st Baron Dagworth.
John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (About 1307 - 1336)
Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (About 1309 to 1311 - 1361).
Margaret de Bohun (3 April 1311 - 16 December 1391), married Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon. Gave birth to about 16 to 18 children (including an archbishop, a sea commander and pirate, and more than one Knight of the Garter) and died at the age of eighty.
William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (About 1310-1312 -1360). Twin of Edward. Married Elizabeth de Badlesmere, daughter of Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare, by whom he had issue.
Edward de Bohun (About 1310-1312 -1334). Twin of William. Married Margaret, daughter of William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros, but they had no children. He served in his ailing elder brother's stead as Constable of England. He was a close friend of young Edward III, and died a heroic death attempting to rescue a drowning man-at-arms from a Scottish river while on campaign.
Eneas de Bohun, (Birth date unknown, died after 1322, when he's mentioned in his father's will). Nothing known of him.
Isabel de Bohun (b. ? May 1316). Elizabeth died in childbirth, and this child died on that day or very soon after. Buried with her mother in Waltham Abbey, Essex.

Humphrey married Elizabeth de Bohun Plantagenet. Elizabeth (daughter of Edward I King of England Plantagenet and Eleanor of Castile Castile) was born on 7 Aug 1282 in Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire, Wales; died on 5 May 1316 in Quendon, Essex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Name: Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
• Reference Number: 8069

Notes:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Plantagenet-533

From Wikipedia:
Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (7 August 1282 - 5 May 1316) was the eighth and youngest daughter of King Edward I and Queen Eleanor of Castile. Of all of her siblings, she was closest to her younger brother King Edward II, as they were only two years apart in age.

First marriage
In April 1285 there were negotiations with Floris V for Elizabeth's betrothal to his son John I, Count of Holland. The offer was accepted and John was sent to England to be educated. On 8 January 1297 Elizabeth was married to John at Ipswich. In attendance at the marriage were Elizabeth's sister Margaret, her father, Edward I of England, her brother Edward, and Humphrey de Bohun. After the wedding Elizabeth was expected to go to Holland with her husband, but did not wish to go, leaving her husband to go alone. It is recorded that while in Ipswich the King, in some outburst, threw his daughter's coronet into the fire: a great ruby and a great emerald were supplied by Adam the Goldsmith for stones lost as a result.[1]

After some time travelling England, it was decided Elizabeth should follow her husband. Her father accompanied her, travelling through the Southern Netherlands between Antwerp, Mechelen, Leuven and Brussels, before ending up in Ghent. There they remained for a few months, spending Christmas with her two sisters Eleanor and Margaret. On 10 November 1299, John died of dysentery, though there were rumours of his murder. No children had been born from the marriage.

Second marriage
On her return trip to England, Elizabeth went through Brabant to see her sister Margaret. When she arrived in England, she met her stepmother Margaret, whom Edward had married while she was in Holland. On 14 November 1302 Elizabeth was married to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, 3rd of Essex, also Constable of England, at Westminster Abbey.

Other Events:

• Name: Edward Longshanks
• Reference Number: 8070

Notes:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Plantagenet-2

From Wikipedia:
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 - 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as The Lord Edward.[1] The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and defeated the baronial leader Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Within two years the rebellion was extinguished and, with England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 19 August.

Edward spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs. After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276-77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282-83 with a full-scale war of conquest. After a successful campaign, he subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people. Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland. Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom. The war that followed continued after Edward's death, even though the English seemed victorious at several points. Simultaneously, Edward found himself at war with France (a Scottish ally) after the French king Philip IV had confiscated the Duchy of Gascony, which until then had been held in personal union with the Kingdom of England. Although Edward recovered his duchy, this conflict relieved English military pressure against Scotland. At the same time there were problems at home. In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition. These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled. When the King died in 1307, he left to his son Edward II an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems.

Edward I was a tall man (6'2") for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks". He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries. Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith. Modern historians are divided on their assessment of Edward I: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility. Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes. At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Welsh and Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England. The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it was over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1657.

Edward married Eleanor of Castile Castile. Eleanor was born in 1241 in Castile, Spain; died on 28 Nov 1290 in Harby, Nottinghamshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Reference Number: 8071

Notes:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Castilla-85

From Wikipedia:
Eleanor of Castile (1241 - 28 November 1290) was an English queen consort, the first wife of Edward I, whom she married as part of a political deal to affirm English sovereignty over Gascony.

The marriage was known to be particularly close, and Eleanor travelled extensively with her husband. She was with him on the Ninth Crusade, when he was wounded at Acre, but the popular story of her saving his life by sucking out the poison has long been discredited. When she died, at Harby near Lincoln, her grieving husband famously ordered a stone cross to be erected at each stopping-place on the journey to London, ending at Charing Cross.

Eleanor was better educated than most medieval queens and exerted a strong cultural influence on the nation. She was a keen patron of literature, and encouraged the use of tapestries, carpets and tableware in the Spanish style, as well as innovative garden designs. She was also a successful businesswoman, endowed with her own fortune as Countess of Ponthieu.

Other Events:

• Reference Number: 8076

Notes:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Plantagenet-167

BIOGRAPHY FROM GENEALOGICS.ORG:

Edward I 'Longshanks', king of England, was born on 17 June 1239, the son of Henry III, king of England, and Eleanor de Provence. As a boy Edward was once in the middle of a game of chess with one of his knights in a vaulted room when suddenly, for no apparent reason, he got up and walked away. Seconds later, a massive stone, which would have completely crushed anyone who happened to be underneath it, fell from the roof on to the very spot where he had been sitting.

With his mother's strength but without her frivolity, Edward I became a great statesman and an able soldier. He supported his weak father, King Henry III, during the civil wars inflicted upon England by the barons.

He was only fifteen when he went to Spain to be knighted by King Alfonso X of Castile and to marry that king's half-sister, Eleanor. This marriage, like that of his parents, was a happy one and produced fifteen children, of whom only six reached adulthood.

After peace was restored in England, Edward went on crusade in 1270, accompanied by Eleanor. In June 1272 a member of the Hashshashin, a secret society of assassins, who was employed by one of the emirs in negotiation with Edward, obtained a private interview with him under pretence of important secret business, then suddenly attacked him with a dagger, wounding him in the arm. Edward repelled him with a vigorous kick and, seizing a stool, knocked him down and snatched the dagger from him. In doing this, however, he wounded himself in the forehead. As the dagger was poisoned, Edward's wounds gave cause for great anxiety; he made his will, appointing executors and guardians for his children. However the skills of his surgeon saved his life.

In November 1272, when Edward and Eleanor were in Sicily on their way back, his father died. As they knew Edward I's mother to be a capable regent, they did not hurry and so did not arrive in England until the summer of 1274. Edward and Eleanor were then crowned together in Westminster Abbey on 19 August 1274.

In 1279 he proclaimed an edict to the effect that clipped money should no longer be circulated, nor should anyone be forced to accept it. He then designated a small number of places where money could be exchanged and within a short time no one would consider accepting it. Edward kept in touch with and encouraged the parliament. His continuous if unsuccessful attempts to rule Scotland earned him the name of 'Hammer of the Scots'. However, his sojourns into Wales were more successful, and after the death of the last two native princes, Llywellyn and David, Edward I created his son and heir Prince of Wales in February 1301.

In 1290 Eleanor died, and nine years later he married Margaret of France. This marriage was not unhappy and produced three more children. In 1296, while campaigning in Scotland, Edward removed the Stone of Scone on which the kings of Scots had always been crowned. He ordered a wooden chair to be made, which from then on contained the stone and was used for the coronation of English and British monarchs.

In 1298 Edward met William Wallace at the battle of Falkirk. On the night before the battle he slept on the ground, his shield for a pillow and his horse beside him. The horse stepped on his royal master as he lay asleep, and in the confusion of darkness the alarm spread that the king was wounded. Only slightly hurt, Edward went into battle in the morning, but his victory that day was not followed up.

Having survived the murderous attack in Palestine, there were still more miraculous escapes. In Paris lightning passed over his shoulders and slew two of his attendants; and when his horse leapt the town wall at Winchelsea he was uninjured. At the siege of Stirling a bolt from a crossbow struck his saddle as he rode unarmed, and a stone from a mangonel brought his horse down. Even illness had seemed to pass him by, but while on a military campaign he became ill with dysentery, and he died aged sixty-eight on 7 July 1307, at Burgh on the Sands near Carlisle in Scotland. In his last words he was still the warrior: 'Carry my bones before you on your march. For the rebels will not be able to endure the sight of me, alive or dead'.

Henry married Eleanor of England Provence. Eleanor was born about 1217 in Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Reference Number: 8081

Notes:

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Provence-162

BIOGRAPHY FROM GENEALOGICS.ORG:
Eleanor was born about 1223, the daughter of Raimund Berengar V, comte de Provence, and Béatrice de Savoie. She was about twelve when she had to leave the warmth of southern France to marry an unknown man in the cold of the English winter, becoming Henry III's queen on 4 January 1236. Henry had first tried to marry Jeanne, countess of Ponthieu, until he was told by his brother Richard of the beauty of the four Provence sisters. Richard married Sancha and the two other sisters were also married to two brothers: Marguerite to King Louis IX of France and Beatrice to Charles I Etienne, king of Naples and Louis IX's younger brother.

Eleanor and Henry had eight children of whom the first four would have progeny: Edward, Margaret, Beatrice, and Edmund. However tragedy plagued the early years of the marriage. Their eldest son Edward became very ill. Though he recovered, his siblings Richard, Henry, William, Katherine, and John died at very young ages, leaving their parents grief-stricken. Eleanor was especially upset over the death of her youngest daughter Katharine, who possibly had a degenerative disease that led her to become deaf, and she eventually died at the age of three.

The marriage remained happy, but Eleanor became unpopular when her uncles arrived from Savoy to become the king's favourites. At one point Eleanor was sailing on a barge that was attacked by London citizens. When Edmund Rich, archbishop of Canterbury, died in 1240, Eleanor wrote to the pope to have her uncle, Boniface of Savoy, take that position. However Boniface was resented, as was Eleanor's extravagance.

In 1252 Henry III went to France because of a revolt in Gascony, and Eleanor becoming regent together with the king's brother Richard. In 1254 Eleanor went with her son Edward to Spain to attend Edward's marriage to Eleanor of Castile, comtesse de Ponthieu; on the way back she and the young couple were invited to visit the French court. During the civil war between Henry III and the barons, Eleanor provided active support to Henry, raising money on her jewellery. After the Battle of Evesham in 1265, in which the barons led by Simon de Montfort were defeated and Montfort killed, she quickly joined her husband and son in England. In 1272 her husband died and Eleanor became regent until her son, now King Edward I, returned to England. In 1275 she lost both her daughters, Marguerite, queen of Scots and Beatrice, duchess of Brittany. In 1280 she retired to the convent of Amesbury, but was still involved in her family's affairs. She remained in Amesbury until her death in 1291.