Edward I King of England Plantagenet

1239 - 1307  (68 years)

 Set As Default Person

• Name	Edward I King of England Plantagenet
  Born	17 Jun 1239	Westminster, Middlesex, England
  Gender	Male
  Name	Edward Longshanks
  Reference Number	8070
  Died	7 Jul 1307	Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England
  Person ID	I8070	FelsingFam
  Last Modified	16 Feb 2024

  
  

  Father	Henry III King of England Plantagenet,   b. 1 Oct 1207, Winchester Castle, Winchester, Hampshire, England ,   d. 16 Nov 1272, Palace of Westminster, Westminster, Middlesex, England  (Age 65 years)
  Relationship	natural
  Mother	Eleanor of England Provence,   b. Abt 1217, Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France ,   d. 24 Jun 1291, Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, England  (Age ~ 74 years)
  Relationship	natural
  Family ID	F2395	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family	Eleanor of Castile Castile,   b. 1241, Castile, Spain ,   d. 28 Nov 1290, Harby, Nottinghamshire, England  (Age 49 years)
  Children	+ 1. Elizabeth de Bohun Plantagenet,   b. 7 Aug 1282, Rhuddlan Castle, Flintshire, Wales ,   d. 5 May 1316, Quendon, Essex, England  (Age 33 years)  [natural]
  Last Modified	16 Feb 2024
  Family ID	F2392	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

• Event Map

  Born - 17 Jun 1239 - Westminster, Middlesex, England Died - 7 Jul 1307 - Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England  = Link to Google Earth

  
  

• Notes

  https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Plantagenet-2 From Wikipedia: Edward I (17/18 June 1239 - 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as The Lord Edward.[1] The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and defeated the baronial leader Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Within two years the rebellion was extinguished and, with England pacified, Edward joined the Ninth Crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 19 August. Edward spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law. Through an extensive legal inquiry, he investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs. After suppressing a minor rebellion in Wales in 1276-77, Edward responded to a second rebellion in 1282-83 with a full-scale war of conquest. After a successful campaign, he subjected Wales to English rule, built a series of castles and towns in the countryside and settled them with English people. Next, his efforts were directed towards Scotland. Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom. The war that followed continued after Edward's death, even though the English seemed victorious at several points. Simultaneously, Edward found himself at war with France (a Scottish ally) after the French king Philip IV had confiscated the Duchy of Gascony, which until then had been held in personal union with the Kingdom of England. Although Edward recovered his duchy, this conflict relieved English military pressure against Scotland. At the same time there were problems at home. In the mid-1290s, extensive military campaigns required high levels of taxation, and Edward met with both lay and ecclesiastical opposition. These crises were initially averted, but issues remained unsettled. When the King died in 1307, he left to his son Edward II an ongoing war with Scotland and many financial and political problems. Edward I was a tall man (6'2") for his era, hence the nickname "Longshanks". He was temperamental, and this, along with his height, made him an intimidating man, and he often instilled fear in his contemporaries. Nevertheless, he held the respect of his subjects for the way he embodied the medieval ideal of kingship, as a soldier, an administrator and a man of faith. Modern historians are divided on their assessment of Edward I: while some have praised him for his contribution to the law and administration, others have criticised him for his uncompromising attitude towards his nobility. Currently, Edward I is credited with many accomplishments during his reign, including restoring royal authority after the reign of Henry III, establishing Parliament as a permanent institution and thereby also a functional system for raising taxes, and reforming the law through statutes. At the same time, he is also often criticised for other actions, such as his brutal conduct towards the Welsh and Scots, and issuing the Edict of Expulsion in 1290, by which the Jews were expelled from England. The Edict remained in effect for the rest of the Middle Ages, and it was over 350 years until it was formally overturned under Oliver Cromwell in 1657.